The total phosphorus content in manure varies depending on the animal species, age, diet and how the manure has been stored.

At first glance, soil sampling would seem to be a relatively easy task. However, when you consider the variability that likely exists within a field because of inherent soil formation factors and past production practices, the collection of a representative soil sample becomes more of a challenge.

While agricultural scientists, policymakers and farmers are investigating ways to reduce the risk of severe algal blooms that stem from phosphorus, an Ohio State University environmental economist suggests an economic response could be the most cost-effective one.

Looking at current field research and the literature available on the topic of minimizing losses of phosphorus at the edge of the field, the following recommendations are a starting point to maximizing productivity while minimizing environmental impacts on water quality.